In this paper we show that INNER derivation Sa maps into the radical if and only if for every irreducible representation p, p (a) is scalar. In addition we obtain that every INNER derivation corresponding to o-quasi central elements in some Banach algebras maps into the radical. Finally, we extend some results for INNER derivations to generalized INNER derivations. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 64H40

According to Muslim philosophers and sufis, knowledge is divided into two kinds, namely, intuitive (INNER) knowledge and acquired knowledge. The acquired Knowledge is attained through external objects and includes all sense perceptions and experimental data. Intuitive (INNER) knowledge, however, involves spontaneous conception and instinctive representation, that is neither attained through the senses, nor is the reflection of the external objects.In the present article, by studying the background of intuitive (INNER) knowledge in Islamic tradition, esp. Masnavi Manavi, attempt is made to show the role of this type of knowledge in Islamic philosophy and mysticism.

Mystical experience is one of the most significant achievements and outcomes of spiritual purification. Such an experience and internal polishing is interconnected with the overall spiritual and physical strives of human being. In other words, it dedicates the total potentialities of mankind to gain and experience knowledge to itself. The human endeavor to gain this type of experience is versatile and diverse. One of the things for human being to understand the beautiful spiritual mood and get connected with absolute truth is resorting to holy places and internal purification of the self. Holy places and sacred mausoleums play a very important role in refining INNER souls of human beings both socially and chronologically. The main purpose of this study is rereading, criticizing, and commenting on the impact and functions of pilgrimage and sacred places of Saleh Shrine in Tajrish and Shah Abdulazim Shrine, Tehran, and mystical components of INNER understanding of human being.

This study aims to design a laboratory reactor that is suitable for producing organic fertilizer from gases generated by anaerobic bacteria in REFINERY wastewater, making it applicable in agriculture. The activated sludge reactor designed comprises three main components: primary sedimentation, aeration, and secondary sedimentation along with a sludge return system. It features a glass cubic tank with a capacity of 5000 ml and a sedimentation basin of the same volume. The research examined the impacts of ammonium, phosphorus, and methanol concentrations, inoculation rate, hydrodynamic retention time, and fermentation duration. Wastewater treatment experiments were carried out over a span of 14 days. The findings indicated that biological treatment of the wastewater resulted in a reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 71. 27% and total organic carbon (TOC) by 48. 98%. Additionally, total dissolved solids (TDS) decreased by 60. 96%, and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water was reduced by 42. 6% during this period. Over time, the concentrations of H2S, NH3, CH4, and CO2 gases in the wastewater decreased by 30. 08%, 25. 60%, 42. 71%, and 95. 80%, respectively. The sludge that settled in the wastewater treatment ponds is rich in nutrients and can be transformed into compost fertilizer under specific conditions, making it highly beneficial for agricultural use.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a frame in a 2-INNER product space and give some characterizations. These frames can be considered as a usual frame in a Hilbert space, so they share many useful properties with frames.

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